What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder in which a child displays hyperactive, impulsive, and/or inattentive behavior that is age-inappropriate. ADHD is a result of an atypical chemical balance in the brain, which means that ADHD is a physical problem, not an emotional problem. Outside factors, such as poor parenting, a chaotic home situation, divorce, or school stresses may affect how the symptoms come to light, but they do not cause ADHD. In order to diagnose ADHD (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision [DSM-IV-TR]), problems of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity must interfere with a child’s functioning in at least two settings (home, school, or social situations). In addition, the guidelines state that at least some symptoms must have been present before the age of 7 years.